Hebrew Alphabet
All 22 Hebrew letters with names, sounds, and gematria values — plus the five final (sofit) forms.
Hebrew reads right-to-left. Click any letter to copy it.
Final (sofit) forms
Five letters take a different shape at the end of a word. Same sound and gematria value — click to copy.
The Hebrew alphabet has 22 letters, running right-to-left from א (alef) to ת (tav). It is an abjad: the letters are consonants, and vowels are marked with optional niqqud points. Five letters take a special final (sofit) form at the end of a word, and each letter also carries a numeric gematria value.
How the Hebrew script works
Hebrew is written and read from right to left, and its 22 letters are all consonants — it is an abjad rather than a full alphabet. The table above lists each letter with its transliterated name, nearest sound, and gematria (numeric) value; click any letter to copy it.
An abjad, not a full alphabet
Because the letters stand for consonants, short vowels are normally left unwritten in everyday text and inferred from context. When precision matters — in prayer books, poetry, textbooks, and for learners — small dots and dashes called niqqud are added above, below, or inside the letters to fix the vowels.
Letters with two sounds
A few letters change sound depending on a dot (dagesh) inside them: ב is “b” with the dot and “v” without, כ is “k” or “kh”, and פ is “p” or “f”. Two letters — א (alef) and ע (ayin) — carry no sound of their own and act mainly as vowel-holders or a faint guttural stop.
The five final (sofit) forms
These five letters take a different shape when they end a word — same sound, same gematria value.
| Regular | Final (sofit) | Name | Sound |
|---|---|---|---|
| כ | ך | kaf | k / kh |
| מ | ם | mem | m |
| נ | ן | nun | n |
| פ | ף | pe | p / f |
| צ | ץ | tsadi | ts |
Final forms, niqqud vowels, and gematria
Five consonants — kaf, mem, nun, pe, and tsadi — are written with an extended “final” shape (ך ם ן ף ץ) whenever they fall at the end of a word. The sound and the gematria value are unchanged; only the glyph differs, which is why word-final letters can look unfamiliar at first.
Niqqud and gematria
Niqqud are the vowel points that turn the consonant skeleton into a fully voiced word; modern printed Hebrew usually omits them, so reading fluently means supplying the vowels yourself. Gematria assigns each letter a number — 1–10, then tens to 100, then hundreds to 400 — so words carry numeric values, a system long used in Jewish textual interpretation. To compare other writing systems, see the Greek alphabet or the Cyrillic alphabet.