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Nursing & Med-Math · Clinical formulas

eGFR Calculator

Estimated glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine, using the 2021 CKD-EPI equation.

Sex
Creatinine units
years
The 2021 CKD-EPI equation is validated in adults.
mg/dL
Estimated GFR
86.2mL/min/1.73 m²G2 — Mildly decreased

CKD-EPI 2021 creatinine equation, which does not include a race coefficient.

The 2021 CKD-EPI equation estimates glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine, age, and sex. For a 60-year-old man with a creatinine of 1.0 mg/dL it gives about 86 mL/min/1.73 m², which falls in stage G2 — mildly decreased kidney function.

What eGFR measures, and why it is indexed

Glomerular filtration rate is the volume of plasma the kidneys filter each minute. Measuring it directly requires a clearance study, so in routine practice it is estimated from serum creatinine using a regression equation fitted to measured GFR in large populations. The result is reported per 1.73 m² of body surface area, a historical average, so that people of different sizes can be compared and staged on the same scale.

That indexing is the key difference from creatinine clearance. An eGFR of 55 mL/min/1.73 m² describes kidney function relative to a standard body size; a Cockcroft-Gault clearance of 55 mL/min describes this particular person’s clearance. The first is for staging chronic kidney disease, the second for adjusting drug doses.

The 2021 revision

Earlier CKD-EPI and MDRD equations included a coefficient that raised the estimate for Black patients. In 2021 a joint task force of the National Kidney Foundation and the American Society of Nephrology recommended a refitted equation without any race term, and that version is what this calculator uses. It takes creatinine, age, and sex only.

eGFR = 142 × min(Scr ÷ κ, 1)^α × max(Scr ÷ κ, 1)^−1.200 × 0.9938^age × 1.012 (if female)

Scr is serum creatinine in mg/dL. κ = 0.7 for females and 0.9 for males; α = −0.241 for females and −0.302 for males. Divide a µmol/L result by 88.4 first. Result in mL/min/1.73 m².

Worked example: 60-year-old man, creatinine 1.0 mg/dL

The two-branch structure looks intimidating but only one branch ever does the work:

  1. 1
    Pick the constants for the sex. For a male patient, κ = 0.9 and α = −0.302.
  2. 2
    Divide creatinine by κ. 1.0 ÷ 0.9 = 1.111.
  3. 3
    Take the lower branch. min(1.111, 1) = 1, and 1 raised to any power is 1 — so this term contributes nothing here.
  4. 4
    Take the upper branch. max(1.111, 1) = 1.111, and 1.111^−1.2 = 0.881.
  5. 5
    Apply the age term. 0.9938^60 = 0.689 — the estimate falls a little under two-thirds of a percent per year of age.
  6. 6
    Multiply through by 142. 142 × 1 × 0.881 × 0.689 = 86.2 mL/min/1.73 m², which is stage G2.

CKD stages by eGFR

Stages G1 to G5 as used in the KDIGO classification of chronic kidney disease. Staging also requires evidence of kidney damage persisting over three months, not a single reading.

StageeGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)Description
G190 or aboveNormal or high
G260 – 89Mildly decreased
G3a45 – 59Mildly to moderately decreased
G3b30 – 44Moderately to severely decreased
G415 – 29Severely decreased
G5Below 15Kidney failure

eGFR by age, sex, and creatinine

Calculated with the CKD-EPI 2021 equation, rounded to one decimal place.

Age and sex0.8 mg/dL1.0 mg/dL1.5 mg/dL2.0 mg/dL
30, male122.1103.863.845.2
30, female101.677.747.833.8
50, male107.891.756.439.9
50, female89.768.642.229.9
70, male95.281.049.835.2
70, female79.260.637.326.4

What a single eGFR does not tell you

Chronic kidney disease is defined by abnormalities persisting for more than three months, so one reduced eGFR does not stage anyone — it prompts a repeat. Staging also uses albuminuria alongside eGFR, because two people at the same filtration rate can have very different risk depending on protein loss.

The estimate is least reliable where creatinine production departs from the population average: very high or very low muscle mass, limb amputation, pregnancy, and acute illness where creatinine has not yet reached a steady state. In those situations cystatin C or a measured clearance gives a better answer, and the creatinine-based estimate should be treated with caution.

This tool is an informational estimate for study and practice, not medical advice. Diagnosis and staging of kidney disease require clinical assessment by a qualified professional.

What does “per 1.73 m²” mean?
The result is normalised to a body surface area of 1.73 m², a historical population average, so that kidney function can be compared and staged across people of different sizes. Creatinine clearance from Cockcroft-Gault is not indexed this way.
Why was the race coefficient removed?
A 2021 joint task force of the National Kidney Foundation and the American Society of Nephrology recommended a refitted equation without a race term. This calculator uses that race-free 2021 CKD-EPI creatinine equation.
Should I use eGFR or creatinine clearance for drug dosing?
Most drug labels specify creatinine clearance from Cockcroft-Gault, because that is what their studies used. eGFR is the standard for staging chronic kidney disease. They are not interchangeable, particularly at the extremes of body size.
Does one low eGFR mean chronic kidney disease?
No. The definition requires abnormalities persisting for more than three months, so a single reduced value prompts a repeat rather than a diagnosis. Albuminuria is assessed alongside eGFR for staging.
Why does the equation have two branches?
The min and max terms let the curve bend at the point where creatinine equals κ, so one slope fits the normal range and a steeper one fits impaired function. In practice only one branch is doing any work for a given value.
When is a creatinine-based estimate unreliable?
Where creatinine production departs from the population average — very high or very low muscle mass, amputation, pregnancy, or acute illness before creatinine reaches a steady state. Cystatin C or a measured clearance is preferred there.
Can I use this equation for children?
No. CKD-EPI is validated in adults; paediatric estimation uses different equations such as the bedside Schwartz formula, which includes height. This calculator therefore accepts ages from 18 upward.