Reference · Arithmetic

Multiplication Table

Generate a times-table grid up to any size, or one number’s table.

What to show

Full grid

Single number

Grid size

Builds a 12×12 table (1–20).

Multiplication table from 1 to 12
×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110	121	132
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120	132	144

The shaded diagonal holds the perfect squares (1, 4, 9, 16, …); the largest product shown is 12 × 12 = 144.

A multiplication table lists the products of two whole numbers: read a row and a column and the cell where they meet is their product, so 7 × 8 = 56. A 12×12 grid covers every product from 1 × 1 = 1 up to 12 × 12 = 144 — the foundation of mental arithmetic.

What a multiplication table is

A multiplication table — or times table — is a grid that pairs every number in the top row with every number in the left column. Each cell holds their product. Because multiplication is repeated addition, the cell for 4 × 3 is just 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 12, and the same answer appears at 3 × 4. Memorising the grid up to 12 turns slow counting into instant recall, which underpins long multiplication, division, fractions, and factoring.

a × b = b + b + … + b (a copies of b)

Multiplication is repeated addition; the order does not change the result (a × b = b × a).

Worked example: reading 7 × 8

Suppose you need 7 × 8. Find the answer by tracing the row and column to where they cross, or by repeated addition.

1
Pick your two factors. Here the factors are 7 and 8 — the numbers being multiplied.
2
Find one along the top. Slide across the header row to the column labelled 8.
3
Find the other down the side. Move down the left column to the row labelled 7.
4
Read the cell where they meet. The intersection shows 56, so 7 × 8 = 56. Swapping to 8 × 7 lands on the same cell.

Tricks worth knowing

Shortcuts that make the grid faster to recall.

Pattern	How it helps
Commutative property	a × b = b × a, so 7 × 8 and 8 × 7 are the same — you only memorise half the grid.
Perfect squares	The diagonal (1, 4, 9, 16, 25, …) is n × n; anchoring these speeds up nearby facts.
The 9s finger trick	For 9 × n, bend the nth finger: fingers left of it are tens, fingers right are ones (9 × 4 = 36).
The 10s and 11s	Multiply by 10 by adding a zero; for 11 × n up to 9, just write the digit twice (11 × 6 = 66).
Doubling for evens	×4 is double-then-double; ×8 is double three times (6 × 8 = 6 → 12 → 24 → 48).

Reading patterns in the grid

The table is symmetric across its main diagonal, which is why every product appears twice except the perfect squares. Columns reveal skip-counting: the 5 column reads 5, 10, 15, 20, always ending in 5 or 0, while the even columns are exactly the odd ones doubled. Once the 2s, 5s, and 10s feel automatic, the harder middle facts — 6 × 7, 7 × 8, 8 × 9 — are the short list left to drill.

For related ways to break numbers apart, try the GCD & LCM calculator, test a value with the prime number checker, or scale a single factor with the exponent calculator.

How far should a multiplication table go?

A 12×12 grid is the classic target because it covers the facts used in long multiplication and division, topping out at 12 × 12 = 144. This tool lets you extend the grid up to 20×20 when you need larger products.

Why do most products appear twice in the grid?

Multiplication is commutative: a × b equals b × a. So 6 × 9 and 9 × 6 both give 54 and sit symmetrically across the diagonal. Only the perfect squares, where the two factors match, appear a single time.

What are the perfect squares on the diagonal?

The shaded diagonal is n × n: 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, 121, 144 for a 12×12 grid. Memorising these anchors makes the facts around them easier to recall.

How does the 9 times table finger trick work?

Hold up ten fingers and bend the nth one for 9 × n. The fingers to its left count tens and those to its right count ones — for 9 × 7, six fingers left and three right give 63.

What is the fastest way to memorise the table?

Learn the easy columns first — the 1s, 2s, 5s, and 10s — then use commutativity to halve what remains. That leaves a short core of harder facts such as 6 × 7 = 42, 7 × 8 = 56, and 8 × 9 = 72 to drill.

Why is any number times zero equal to zero?

Multiplying by zero means taking zero copies of a number, which adds up to nothing. That is why a 0 row or column would be entirely zeros, so standard times tables start at 1.

Multiplication Table

What a multiplication table is

Worked example: reading 7 × 8

Tricks worth knowing

Reading patterns in the grid

Related tools

GCD & LCM

Prime Number Checker

Exponent Calculator

×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110	121	132
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120	132	144

×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110	121	132
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120	132	144

×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110	121	132
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120	132	144