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Health & Fitness · Fitness

Heart Rate Zone Calculator

Find your five training heart-rate zones from age, with an optional resting rate for the Karvonen method.

yr
Method
Try an example
Estimated maximum heart rate
190bpm

220 − 30 = 190 bpm. This is a rough estimate (±10–12 bpm).

ZoneIntensityTarget range
Zone 1 Recovery5060%95114 bpm
Zone 2 Easy / Fat-burn6070%114133 bpm
Zone 3 Aerobic7080%133152 bpm
Zone 4 Threshold8090%152171 bpm
Zone 5 Maximum90100%171190 bpm

Zone 2 (easy / fat-burn) sits at 114133 bpm — the endurance base where most easy training should happen.

At age 30 your estimated maximum heart rate is about 190 bpm (220 − 30). From that, the five training zones scale by percentage: Zone 2 — the easy, fat-burning endurance zone — is 60–70% of max, or roughly 114–133 bpm. Zone 5 (maximum effort) runs 90–100%, about 171–190 bpm.

What heart-rate zones are

Training heart-rate zones divide the range between rest and your maximum heart rate into five bands, each tied to a different training effect — from gentle recovery to all-out effort. Coaches use them to keep easy days genuinely easy and hard days hard, instead of grinding at one mediocre middle pace. The zones are anchored to your maximum heart rate (max HR), the fastest your heart can beat during flat-out exercise.

The classic estimate is 220 − age. It is convenient but rough; the Tanaka formula (208 − 0.7·age) fits large populations a little better, especially for older adults. For a more personal result, the Karvonen method works from your heart-rate reserve — the gap between max and resting heart rate — so a fitter heart with a lower resting rate shifts every zone.

maxHR = 220 − age · Karvonen: target = (maxHR − restingHR) × % + restingHR

Percent-of-max scales each zone by maxHR × %. Karvonen scales the reserve, then adds resting HR back.

Worked example: age 30

Take a 30-year-old. Their estimated max HR is 220 − 30 = 190 bpm. Here is how Zone 2 comes out under each method:

  1. 1
    Estimate maximum heart rate. maxHR = 220 − age. For age 30: 220 − 30 = 190 bpm.
  2. 2
    Pick a method. Percent of max HR is simplest. Karvonen is more personal but needs your resting heart rate.
  3. 3
    Percent-of-max Zone 2. 60–70% of 190 = 190 × 0.60 to 190 × 0.70 = 114–133 bpm.
  4. 4
    Karvonen Zone 2 (resting 60). HRR = 190 − 60 = 130. Then 0.6·130 + 60 to 0.7·130 + 60 = 138–151 bpm.
  5. 5
    Repeat for the other zones. Apply 50–60% (Z1), 70–80% (Z3), 80–90% (Z4), and 90–100% (Z5) the same way.

The five heart-rate zones

Percentages apply to max HR (percent-of-max method) or to heart-rate reserve (Karvonen).

Zone% rangeWhat it trains
Zone 1 — Recovery50–60%Warm-up, cool-down, and active recovery between hard sessions.
Zone 2 — Easy / Fat-burn60–70%Aerobic base and fat metabolism; the bulk of easy endurance work.
Zone 3 — Aerobic70–80%Aerobic fitness and stamina at a moderate, sustainable effort.
Zone 4 — Threshold80–90%Lactate threshold and speed; hard but repeatable intervals.
Zone 5 — Maximum90–100%Peak power and VO₂ max in short, all-out bursts.

How to read the numbers

Treat these zones as a guide, not a rule. The 220 − age formula is a population average: an individual’s true max HR can sit ±10–12 bpm away, so someone the same age as you may have a genuinely different ceiling. Heart rate also drifts with heat, caffeine, stress, sleep, and dehydration, and it lags behind sudden efforts. If you know your true max from a supervised test, use that instead of the estimate.

This tool is for general information, not medical advice. Talk to a doctor before starting intense exercise, especially if you have a heart condition, take medication that affects heart rate, or have been inactive.

How accurate is the 220 − age formula?
It is a rough population average, not a personal measurement. An individual’s true maximum heart rate typically falls within about ±10–12 bpm of the estimate, so use it as a starting point. A supervised max-effort test gives a far more accurate ceiling.
What is the difference between % max HR and Karvonen?
Percent-of-max scales each zone straight off your maximum heart rate (maxHR × %). Karvonen instead scales your heart-rate reserve — max minus resting — then adds resting back, so it accounts for fitness. Karvonen usually gives higher zone numbers than the plain percent-of-max method.
How do I find my resting heart rate?
Measure it right after waking, before getting up. Count your pulse for 60 seconds, or for 15 seconds and multiply by four. A wearable that tracks overnight heart rate also reports it. Most adults land between 40 and 100 bpm.
Which zone burns the most fat?
Zone 2 (60–70%) burns the highest share of calories from fat, which is why it is called the fat-burning zone. Higher zones burn more total calories per minute, though, so overall energy use — not just the fat fraction — is what matters for weight change.
Should I use the Tanaka formula instead?
Tanaka (208 − 0.7·age) fits large populations slightly better than 220 − age, especially for people over about 40, where 220 − age tends to underestimate. Both are still estimates; the difference is small for younger adults and modest for older ones.
How much time should I spend in each zone?
A common endurance approach is to spend most easy training in Zones 1–2 and reserve Zones 4–5 for shorter, harder intervals. Keeping easy days truly easy lets hard days be hard, which is what drives fitness gains.